Review Sheet
Chapter 28 Test

 

Classifications

Phylum porifera - Sponges

Phylum Cnidiaria - Hydras, Jellyfish & Corals

3 Classes
1) Hydrozoa- Includes the hydras as a freshwater example.
2) Tremetoda- The flukes
3) Cestoda- The tapeworm
 
Phylum Nematoda- Includes 3 types of worms we discussed, the Ascaria, Necator and Trichinella,

Sponges

1) Filter Feeders & Why
2) Sessile
3) Composition -    Spicules of Calcium Carbonate, or Silicon Dioxide
                                Spongin- Network of gel like material for structure
                                Amoebacytes - Carrier cells of nutrients, waste and sperm
                                Choanocytes- Collar cells- flegellated cells which cause water movement
4)Reproduction-
                        Asexual- Regeneration
                                        Gemmule Production
                        Sexual- Hermaphrodites- What insures that no self fertiliztion occurs.
The Cnidarians- Tentacles which contain cnidocytes which are the stinging cell that have nematocysts which is the structure that allows toxin to go into prey.
Asexual reproduction through budding.
    Jellyfish are cup shaped with tentacles hanging down.
    Coral Reefs each polyp continues to build up and productes a stonelike outer covering which causes the coral to become hard.  There are 3 types of reefs.
    Fringing which form close to the shore line in shallow waters for photosynthesis
    Barrier- Which form out in deeper water and form the largest reefs in the world.
    Atolls- form even out farther in the water, and grow into a ring shape with a lagoon in the center.
 

The simple worms
    Bilateral symmetry- only one plane can pass through its longitudinal axis to give 2 equal halves.  The bodies are solid and exhange between the worm and environment comes at the outer cells because most of the cells of the organism are directly linked to environment.
    Endoparasites-
    Ectoparasites-
    Tegument- occurs in endoparasites so they are not digested in the digestive system of the host.

    Fluke life cycle & transmission
    Tapeworm
        Scolex- head of tapeworm which has hooks and suckers
        Proglottids- individual segments of the tapeworm, which is where the eggs are at also.
   Acoelomate body plan means there is no internal body cavity for organs to be contained

Roundworms
    Ascaris- picked up from improper hygien and fecal waste, know the cylce in the body.
    Necator- Hookworms bore into the feet, get into the bloodstream, and destroy the blood cells causing anemia.
    Trichinella- cause from eating undercooked pork, what are several things we do today to prevent Trichinosis.